Which of the following best describes ransomware?

Ransomware is best described as a cyber attack that encrypts a user’s data until a ransom is paid. This malicious software typically infiltrates a system, locking the victim’s files and demanding payment, usually in cryptocurrency, for the decryption key. The primary goal of ransomware attacks is to extort money from individuals or organizations by making their own data inaccessible. This method is particularly harmful as it can disrupt business operations and result in significant financial losses.

The other options describe different concepts unrelated to the functioning of ransomware. Security software is designed to protect against various types of cyber threats, backing up files is a precautionary measure to prevent data loss, and managing network traffic refers to optimizing and directing data flow within a network to ensure efficiency and security. Each of these serves a distinct purpose and does not align with the definition of ransomware, which focuses specifically on the act of locking data and demanding payment for its release.