What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific type of malware that targets computer systems and files, encrypting them so that the victim cannot access their own data. The key characteristic that defines ransomware is its demand for payment—often in cryptocurrency—for the decryption key or tool needed to restore access to the locked files. This malicious software exploits the victim's need to regain access to their important data, putting them in a difficult position where they must decide whether to pay the ransom or attempt recovery through other means, which may not always be successful.

In addition, while spyware, antivirus software, and phishing represent different categories of cyber threats or tools, they do not embody the specific characteristics of ransomware. Spyware is designed to collect information from a user's system without their knowledge, antivirus software aims to detect and eliminate various types of malware, and phishing attempts are typically focused on tricking users into revealing personal information rather than locking files in exchange for payment. Thus, the most accurate description of ransomware is that it is a form of malware that locks files and demands payment for their restoration.