In cybersecurity, what does the term "data breach" typically refer to?

The term "data breach" typically refers to a situation where unencrypted data is accessed by unauthorized individuals. This definition highlights the fundamental aspect of a data breach, which involves a compromise of confidential information. When data is unencrypted, it is in a format that is not protected by encryption algorithms, making it easier for malicious actors to access and misuse sensitive information.

The focus on unencrypted data underscores the importance of implementing strong encryption practices to safeguard information against unauthorized access. In a breach scenario, the consequences can include identity theft, financial loss, and reputational damage for organizations and individuals alike. Recognizing the significance of this aspect helps emphasize the need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect data integrity and confidentiality.

Other options do not encapsulate the essence of what constitutes a data breach. For instance, data stored on a cloud server does not inherently imply a breach has occurred, nor does a physical loss of hardware or a software update failure signify unauthorized access to sensitive information. The core of a data breach is the unauthorized access to data, particularly when it is not adequately protected.