How do symmetric and asymmetric encryption differ?

Symmetric and asymmetric encryption differ primarily in how they utilize keys during the encryption and decryption processes. In symmetric encryption, the same key is used both for encrypting and decrypting data, meaning that both the sender and the receiver must keep this key secret and secure. This method is efficient for processing large amounts of data because it typically involves simpler mathematical operations.

On the other hand, asymmetric encryption employs a pair of keys: one public and one private. The public key is used for encryption, while the corresponding private key is used for decryption. This system enhances security, as the private key remains confidential; only the holder of the private key can decrypt the data that has been encrypted with their public key.

Thus, the statement highlighting that symmetric encryption uses the same key for both processes, while asymmetric encryption utilizes two keys, accurately describes the fundamental distinction between the two encryption methods. Understanding this difference is crucial for selecting the appropriate encryption method based on security needs and processing efficiency.